Heterogeneity and commitment to collective action

Academic research
Written By Saya Wahrlich

This research paper explores how variation among cooperative members influences commitment to collective action. Drawing on New Zealand cooperative examples, the study examines the conditions under which heterogeneity can either undermine or strengthen cooperative performance.

The case explores strategic decision-making, cooperative financing mechanisms, and the trade-offs faced by member-owned enterprises operating in global markets.

Research at a glance 

  • Author: Apparao, Shadbolt, Garnevska
  • Year: 2020
  • Publication: International Journal of CO-OPERATIVE ACCOUNTING AND MANAGEMENT, 2020 
  • Focus: Collective action, member heterogeneity 
  • Geographic scope: New Zealand 
  • Format: Academic research paper (PDF)

Why this research matters

Collective action is fundamental to the cooperative model. This research adds depth to international debates by analysing how internal diversity affects participation, trust, and governance outcomes within cooperatives.

For media and policymakers, it provides academically credible evidence that cooperative performance depends not only on structure, but also on member relationships and incentives.

Key themes explored

  • Collective action theory

  • Member diversity and incentives

  • Cooperative governance dynamics

  • Participation and commitment

Read the full paper [pdf]

Read more research

Featured
Academic research
Cooperative housing: a new Kiwi dream?
Academic research

Housing affordability is a persistent challenge in New Zealand with wide-ranging economic and social impacts. This research provides one of the most comprehensive academic examinations of cooperative housing in Aotearoa New Zealand, filling a significant gap in local literature.

Read More →
Academic research
Academic research
How agricultural cooperatives in New Zealand are responding to the UN Sustainable Development Goals
Academic research

Cooperatives are increasingly recognised for their role in advancing sustainable development. This study provides New Zealand-specific evidence that contributes to global discussions about how different business models support the SDGs.

Read More →
Academic research
Academic research
Heterogeneity and commitment to collective action
Academic research

Collective action is fundamental to the cooperative model. This research adds depth to international debates by analysing how internal diversity affects participation, trust, and governance outcomes within cooperatives. 

Read More →
Academic research
Academic research
Legal framework analysis: National report of New Zealand
Academic research

Legal frameworks shape how cooperatives form, govern themselves, and access capital. This report is a key reference document for understanding how New Zealand’s cooperative legislation compares internationally and where opportunities for reform may exist. 

Read More →
Academic research
Saya Wahrlich https://www.stocknotstock.com/
Previous

Briefing note to the Prime Minister and incoming Ministers on the New Zealand cooperative sector (2021)

Next

Legal framework analysis: National report of New Zealand